Setting up a MastChain AIS Tracking System

AIS (Automatic Identification System) is the VHF protocol on ~162 MHz that ships use to broadcast position, speed, heading and identity, and it's long been a popular decoding target for RTL-SDR owners.

Feeder networks like MarineTraffic and AISHub have relied on volunteer receivers for years, but a newer project called MastChain applies the DePIN (Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Network) model, similar in spirit to Helium, to maritime tracking. Independent operators run their own stations, feed decoded AIS into a shared distributed network, and earn crypto MAST tokens in return, with rewards based on coverage, uptime, and data consistency.

We wanted to thank "depinguy" who has shared with us a write-up on Medium that walks through a build using a Raspberry Pi 3 or 4, an RTL-SDR Blog V4, and a marine-band antenna (optionally with a Uputronics filtered preamp). Installation is handled by a one-line script called MastControl, which deploys AIS-catcher (branded "MastRadar" here) and configures automatic uploads. You create an account at app.mastchain.io, generate a station token, paste it into the installer, then verify with sudo mastcontrol status. We also note that maritime industry publication Spash247 has also recently covered Dan's post.

We note that MastChain appears to be very similar to 'WAKE', which is another AIS DePin crypto-based model that we covered in 2025.

As with anything crypto-related, we recommend experimenting only for the fun of it and not expecting to even recoup your hardware costs, as this has been the case with many hardware-based crypto projects before.

Mastchain UI
Mastchain UI

Tactical_FSK_Modem: An Open Source MFSK Image & Text Modem for PC and Android

Thanks to Ibrahim (YD1RUH), who wrote in to share his open-source project Tactical_FSK_Modem, which turns a standard PC or Android device into an audio-based MFSK transceiver for sending images and text over a radio link. Conceptually similar to SSTV or HF FAX, it adds Hamming (7,4) Forward Error Correction that wraps every 4 data bits into a 7-bit block and repairs single-bit errors in real time, significantly lowering BER in low-SNR conditions. The system forces a hardened 720p vertical resolution for noise resistance, and a 1400 Hz → 1000 Hz → 1400 Hz VIS-like "start melody" handles automatic RX canvas reset and sync with no manual alignment.

Pre-built Windows and Android binaries are available in the repo, and the Android port is probably the most interesting part. Operators can connect a smartphone to HT, ham radio, or an SDR to send tactical images directly from the field. 

We note that while the code is Apache 2.0 licensed, we don't appear to see any source code in the repo, but the .exe and .apk files are available to download. Ibrahim notes that he is actively looking for feedback and collaboration to further improve the system's robustness for tactical and emergency communication use cases.

Tactical FSK Modem UI
Tactical FSK Modem UI

Stream1090: A New Approach to ADS-B Demodulation Using CRC-Based Framing Instead of Preamble Detection

Over on GitHub, Martin (mgrone) recently released stream1090, a new open source C++ Mode-S demodulator that takes a fundamentally different approach to finding aircraft messages. Rather than searching for the traditional preamble pulse sequence as dump1090 and readsb do, stream1090 continuously maintains shift registers and identifies valid messages based on their CRC checksum. In busy airspace where preambles can be corrupted by overlapping signals, this approach theoretically cannot miss a message as long as the data itself is intact. Since the CRC is always being computed, it can also be used for single-bit error correction.

The software supports both RTL-SDR and Airspy dongles. It's lightweight enough to run on a Raspberry Pi Zero 2W. Stream1090 is a demodulator only, designed to pipe output into readsb or dump1090-fa via socat, slotting into your existing ADS-B stack as a drop-in replacement for the demodulation stage.

If you have an ADS-B station in a high-traffic area, let us know if Stream1090 increases your message rate! There is also a discussion about it on FlightAware, where many people have indicated that they are getting great results.

Stream1090 GitHub Readme
Stream1090 GitHub Readme
 

New YouTube Tutorials for SatDump V2.x.x

Thank you to Paul Maine, who has submitted to us new SatDump tutorials that he has uploaded to his YouTube channel. The new tutorials focus on the new SatDump V2.x.x alpha version.

The first tutorial shows how to install SatDump 2.x.x, and how to obtain an EUMETSAT API key and use the 'Load First Party' feature to view and analyze satellite data downloaded from the internet. The second tutorial focuses on the nbew DSP Flowgraph feature, and the third discusses how Look Up Tables (LUTs) are used with satellite imagery.

E24 SatDump v2.x wip Part1

E25 SatDump v2.x wip Part2 DSPflowgraphs

E26 SatDump v2.x wip Part3 LUTs

Saveitforparts: Receiving Artemis 2 Signals

Over on the saveitforparts YouTube channel, Gabe has recently posted two videos where he attempts to receive the Artemis 2 signal. His setup consists of a surplus satellite dish inside a geodesic radar dome at his "Sandland" radio observatory, a 3D-printed feed, a HackRF One SDR, and various LNAs, including a dedicated S-band unit from LMA Scientific. He used GPredict for tracking and SDR++ for spectrum analysis, targeting the expected downlink frequency around 2216.5 MHz.

The main challenges were the capsule's low elevation angle from his location in Minnesota, rapidly changing orbital elements that made TLE-based tracking unreliable during the trans-lunar injection burn, and the fact that all telemetry is encrypted. During his first overnight session, he was only able to detect what appeared to be an extremely faint carrier at approximately 2216.49 MHz, which is consistent with the expected Doppler-shifted frequency, which disappeared when the dish was moved off-target. In a second session timed to catch a handover between NASA's Goldstone and Canberra Deep Space Network stations, he received a noticeably stronger carrier signal and even observed sideband activity, though still not strong enough to resolve any modulation detail.

He notes that NASA's original citizen science RFP called for ~9 meter dishes, far larger than his ~2.5 meter setup, and that the capsule also uses a laser communications system for high-bandwidth data. The Canadian Space Dashboard and DSN Now websites proved useful for predicting optimal observation windows during ground station handovers.

Can I Overhear The Artemis II Moon Mission With SDR?

Listening To Artemis II's Return To Earth With DIY Satellite Station

Receiving the Artemis 2 S-Band Carrier With a Wi-Fi Dish and Airspy R2

Thank you to Simone Spadino for writing in and sharing how he received the S-band carrier signal from the Artemis 2 Orion capsule from his home in Italy, using a simple one-meter Wi-Fi grid dish, an Airspy R2, an LNA, a filter, and a downconverter. Simone notes that his results show it is possible to receive the Artemis carrier signal with a small dish.

Artemis 2 may have already returned to Earth safely, but there are future missions planned for 2027 and beyond, so Simone's write-up serves as a great place to get yourself ready to receive those future missions.

Simone's write-up notes that perfect tracking with a rotator wasn't required because the Wi-Fi dish had a beamwidth of about 11°, so he was able to manually orient the dish every 10 minutes using an Android smartphone. On the first night, he achieved a carrier SNR of 5.5dB, and on the second night, 6.5 dB.

Artemis S-Band Carrier Received with Wi-Fi Grid Dish
Artemis S-Band Carrier Received with Wi-Fi Grid Dish

BrowSDR: Turn Your HackRF or RTL-SDR Into a Browser-Based Remote WebSDR

Joel (jLynx), known for his work on the HackRF Mayhem firmware, has released an open-source project called BrowSDR that turns a HackRF or RTL-SDR into a fully browser-based SDR receiver. The application connects to your SDR directly via WebUSB and uses a high-performance Rust/WebAssembly DSP pipeline running in Web Workers for smooth, real-time spectrum and waterfall display. It supports WFM, NFM, AM, SSB, CW, and raw IQ demodulation, along with RDS decoding and POCSAG pager decoding. A standout feature is the ability to open unlimited simultaneous VFOs, each with independent demodulation and DSP settings, with the developer having tested up to 62 running at once.

The real killer feature is remote access. Using WebRTC, you can share your locally connected SDR and access it from anywhere in the world through a browser with no server setup required. BrowSDR also includes built-in Whisper AI transcription that can live-transcribe audio from each VFO independently. The project currently supports HackRF, HackRF Pro, and the RTL-SDR Blog V4, with AirSpy and LimeSDR support coming soon. It also works on Android devices with a USB-C cable. BrowSDR is open source under the AGPL-3.0 license and a live demo is available at browsdr.jlynx.net.

BrowSDR Interface with POCSAG Decoding
BrowSDR Interface with POCSAG Decoding

Measuring Antenna Gain Patterns with Discovery Drive

Our Discovery Drive campaign is currently being crowd-funded on Crowd Supply. Please consider ordering a unit if you are interested in a high-quality, low-power, and portable antenna rotator. Below is an update from the campaign exploring a potential use-case for measuring antenna gain patterns:


In this update, we’ll examine an alternative use case: measuring antenna gain radiation patterns.

One interesting use of a capable Az/El rotator is to measure the radiation pattern of various antennas. This is normally done in an anechoic chamber, but if you have a large enough open space, it can be done cheaply with a rotator and signal source.

To test this as a proof of concept, we used Claude code to very quickly create a tool that could help us create an antenna pattern plot. The software tool simply rotates the antenna on the Discovery Drive one step at a time, measures the SNR using an RTL-SDR, and plots the reading on a graph. To be clear, this simple setup is not providing any sort of calibrated readings, but it will at least give you an idea of what the radiation pattern and performance of an antenna looks like.

In our test, we mounted a TV Yagi on the Discovery Drive and used our software to plot the radiation pattern at 433 MHz. As expected from a Yagi, we see higher gain at the front and lower gain at the rear.

Antenna Gain Results
Antenna Gain Results

Due to a lack of a suitable open area, this test was performed in a small backyard and, hence, the radiation pattern is a little lopsided due to multipath. In this test, we also used a simple omnidirectional antenna for the signal source, which exacerbated the multipath. A way to improve this test would be to use a directional antenna on the transmit side, too.

We will release this open-source tool for others to play with, but please be aware that it was only created for proof of concept. However, if there is interest, we can continue to refine it.

Below is a photo of the physical setup. A HackRF with Portapack and whip antenna are mounted on a tripod a few meters away, while the Discovery Drive carries a Yagi antenna. As the Discovery Drive rotates the Yagi through 0 to 360° in azimuth and -30 to 90° in elevation, it measures the received power at each step.

Antenna Gain Measurement Backyard Setup
Antenna Gain Measurement Backyard Setup